Chicken pox

It is also called varicella .it is a viral disease caused by varicella (herps) .it is spreated by inhalation of infective droplets or  crust .most cases occur in children while adult cases are also studied.

CHICKEN POX 
Etielogy:

Chicken pox is caused by varicella harps virus .The etiology of chickenpox, also known as varicella, stems from the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a highly contagious pathogen primarily transmitted through respiratory secretions or direct contact with fluid from the rash of an infected individual. Understanding the origins of chickenpox is vital for prevention and treatment strategies. VZV belongs to the herpesvirus family, with initial infection resulting in chickenpox and the virus remaining dormant in nerve cells afterward. Factors such as weakened immune systems or lack of vaccination increase susceptibility to the virus.

Incubation period of chickenpox:

The incubation period of chickenpox typically ranges from 10 to 21 days after exposure to the virus. Understanding the incubation period is crucial for recognizing the onset of symptoms, which include fever, fatigue, and the characteristic itchy rash. During this period, the virus quietly multiplies within the body before symptoms manifest, making it essential to practice preventive measures and seek medical attention promptly if exposed. By being aware of the incubation period, individuals can take proactive steps to limit the spread of chickenpox and protect vulnerable populations, emphasizing the importance of vaccination and maintaining good hygiene practices.

Cilinical featurs

1. fever

2. Malaise

3. skin rashes appearance on chest/abdomen and total body .

4. At start non-pureent than laterally change to purelent rashes at ends making skin scare .

5. skin burning sensation

complications of chicken pox

Complications:

1 . secondary bacterial infection

2. lungs disease (pneumonia)

3. Encephalitis

4. cellu

 Temporary passive proctection irregulary follows intramuscular administration of 20ml of convalescent serum ,but this is rarely warranted ,zoster hyper immunoglobulin has been shown to be highly effective in pervention .immunization by zoster hyper immune globulin.

prevention:



To prevent chickenpox is through vaccination. The chickenpox vaccine is typically given in two doses, with the first dose given at 12-15 months of age and the second dose at 4-6 years of age. Vaccination provides strong protection against chickenpox and its complications. Additionally, practicing good hygiene, such as frequent hand washing, can help reduce the risk of spreading or contracting the virus. Avoid close contact with individuals who have chickenpox, and if you or your child are infected, stay home until the rash has crusted over to prevent further transmission. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice on chickenpox prevention and vaccination.

Treatment of chickenpox:

1 . No need of  antiviral therapy but in severe cases it maybe used.

2 . Antibiotic therapy to protect secondary infection like cephradine etc.

3. Antipyretic/Analgesic

4. Anti-histamine for skin itching or burning /peritonor cetrizine.